In the methodology used, errors may be inherent in several steps performed. For instance, the original observed flow data were converted from stage height to discharge, assuming steady-state flow conditions. Additionally, the slope of the rivers extracted from a digital elevation model was averaged and does not account for sinks and waterfalls along the river course. Furthermore, the calculation of travel time using hydrographs, the approximation of hydraulic radius, the roughness coefficient, and slope extraction from the digital elevation model might introduce additional uncertainty.

It was assumed that the reaches used in this study were uniform. However, the three reaches used (Klip and the Mooi Rivers) have varying widths and cross-sections, and they meander while having different vegetation cover within the reach. The discharge is related to channel dimensions using empirical formulae developed for different river conditions. Furthermore, the linearity assumption of the Muskingum-Cunge method along the river reach might introduce additional errors in computed hydrographs.

Considering the above assumptions made in routing floods in ungauged catchments, the following recommendations are proposed:

1. The empirical formulae and base roughness coefficients should be verified at regional level and compared with historical flow records.
2. The slope of a reach and the roughness coefficient require practical field experience for realistic estimation. These parameters should therefore be checked against field conditions.
3. Computed hydrographs do not fit observed hydrographs well in longer reaches. This is likely due to inadequate estimation of lateral inflow. Regional studies should therefore be conducted to estimate coefficients such as β.
4. Overbank flow cannot be simulated by the Muskingum-Cunge method. Further studies are therefore required to modify the method to account for floodplain flow.
5. The methods are not applicable to steeply rising hydrographs. Further research is needed to apply Muskingum routing to high-velocity flood waves in ungauged catchments.